I. Ecological succession on coastal sand is
a) psammosere (b) xerosere during succession? (c) haiosere (d) hydrosere.
2. The primary succession refers to the development of
(a) forest clearing after devasting fire
(b) newly exposed habitat with no record of earlier vegetation
(c) freshly cleared crop field
(d) pond, freshly filled with water after a dry phase.
3. Lichen is the pioneer vegetation on which succession? (c) freshly cleared crop field
(a) Hydrosere (b) Lithosere (c) Psammosere (d) None of these
4. Last stable community in succession dependent on climate is
(a) seral community (b) climax community (c) both (a) and (b) (d) none of these.
5. Succession is
(a) orderly process of community change till stability
(b) gradual, directional and continuous process
(c) series of biotic communities that appear gradually in a barren area
(d) all of these.
6. Both hydrarch and xerarch successions lead to
(a) medium water conditions
(b) xerir. conditions
(c) highly dry conditions
(d) excessive wet conditions
8. Read the given paragraph and select the correct sequence of words to complete it.
The two forms of succession are succession______ in which a community develops where no community existed before, and ____succession, in which a community develops again after a disturbance. The convetsion of a lake to a terrestrial community is a kind of ________succession.
(a) primary, secondary, tertiary
(b) primary, secondary, primary
(c) secondary, primary, secondary
(d) primary, secondary, secondary
9. The pioneer species in xerarch and hydrarch succession are respectively
(a) Iichens and sedges
(b) phytoplanktons and sedges
(c) lichens and zooplanktons
(d) lichens and phytoplanktons
(e) phytoplanktons and lichens. (
10. Select the correct statement about secondary succession.
(a) Pioneer community aiways comes from outside.
(b) Serai communities are few.
(c) Environment is very hostile in the beginning.
(d) Both (b) and (c)
11. In ecological succession the climax community is best recognised by the following state
(a) P = R
(b) P > R
(c) P<R
(d) PztR.
12. Select the correct statement.
(a) The diversity of species tend to increase with succession.
(b) Biomass and standing crop increase with succession.
(c) The succession resulting from changes brought about by factors external to community is called allogenic succession.
(d) All of these
13. Which of the following changes takes place during biotic succession?
(a) Increase in biomass and decrease in humus content of soil
(b) Mesic conditions change into aquatic conditions
(c) Reduction in ratio of productivity and standing crop (P/B)
(d) Decrease in respiratory consumption and productivity
14. Identify the plant belonging to the reed-swamp stage in hydrarch succession.
(a) Juncus
(b) Sagittaria
(c) Salix
(d) Trapa
15. Read the given statements and select the correct one.
(a) Members of organisms of pioneer community have long life span.
(b) Biomass of climax community is less than that of seral community.
(c) Plants of reed swamp stage reduce the organic matter of soil.
(d) In succession, mature stages have predominatly detritus food chains while developmental stages have grazing food chains.
16. Select the option that can be derived by deflected succession.
(a) Grassland
(b) Oak woods
(c) Agricultural land
(d) All of these
a) psammosere (b) xerosere during succession? (c) haiosere (d) hydrosere.
2. The primary succession refers to the development of
(a) forest clearing after devasting fire
(b) newly exposed habitat with no record of earlier vegetation
(c) freshly cleared crop field
(d) pond, freshly filled with water after a dry phase.
3. Lichen is the pioneer vegetation on which succession? (c) freshly cleared crop field
(a) Hydrosere (b) Lithosere (c) Psammosere (d) None of these
4. Last stable community in succession dependent on climate is
(a) seral community (b) climax community (c) both (a) and (b) (d) none of these.
5. Succession is
(a) orderly process of community change till stability
(b) gradual, directional and continuous process
(c) series of biotic communities that appear gradually in a barren area
(d) all of these.
6. Both hydrarch and xerarch successions lead to
(a) medium water conditions
(b) xerir. conditions
(c) highly dry conditions
(d) excessive wet conditions
8. Read the given paragraph and select the correct sequence of words to complete it.
The two forms of succession are succession______ in which a community develops where no community existed before, and ____succession, in which a community develops again after a disturbance. The convetsion of a lake to a terrestrial community is a kind of ________succession.
(a) primary, secondary, tertiary
(b) primary, secondary, primary
(c) secondary, primary, secondary
(d) primary, secondary, secondary
9. The pioneer species in xerarch and hydrarch succession are respectively
(a) Iichens and sedges
(b) phytoplanktons and sedges
(c) lichens and zooplanktons
(d) lichens and phytoplanktons
(e) phytoplanktons and lichens. (
10. Select the correct statement about secondary succession.
(a) Pioneer community aiways comes from outside.
(b) Serai communities are few.
(c) Environment is very hostile in the beginning.
(d) Both (b) and (c)
11. In ecological succession the climax community is best recognised by the following state
(a) P = R
(b) P > R
(c) P<R
(d) PztR.
12. Select the correct statement.
(a) The diversity of species tend to increase with succession.
(b) Biomass and standing crop increase with succession.
(c) The succession resulting from changes brought about by factors external to community is called allogenic succession.
(d) All of these
13. Which of the following changes takes place during biotic succession?
(a) Increase in biomass and decrease in humus content of soil
(b) Mesic conditions change into aquatic conditions
(c) Reduction in ratio of productivity and standing crop (P/B)
(d) Decrease in respiratory consumption and productivity
14. Identify the plant belonging to the reed-swamp stage in hydrarch succession.
(a) Juncus
(b) Sagittaria
(c) Salix
(d) Trapa
15. Read the given statements and select the correct one.
(a) Members of organisms of pioneer community have long life span.
(b) Biomass of climax community is less than that of seral community.
(c) Plants of reed swamp stage reduce the organic matter of soil.
(d) In succession, mature stages have predominatly detritus food chains while developmental stages have grazing food chains.
16. Select the option that can be derived by deflected succession.
(a) Grassland
(b) Oak woods
(c) Agricultural land
(d) All of these